This study focuses on determining the factors that affect the academic performance of undergraduate students in Institutions of Higher Education in Eritrea. A survey was conducted among 300 students from three colleges (Eritrean Institute of Technology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, and College of Business and Economics). The survey research design was employed using a self-administered questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The items measuring the constructs were adapted from the extant literature. Data was analyzed using regression test. The findings of this study reveal that admission points and personal factors affect the academic performance of students. However, no evidence was found that college environment and socio-economic factors influence students’ academic performance.