Research article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Educational Researchers 2025, Vol. 16(2) 31-48

Differentiating Pedagogical Leadership Practices Among Formal and Informal Mathematics Teacher Leaders in Bahrain: A PLS-SEM Study

Abdulqader Alawadhi, Hutkemri Zulnaidi, Tee Meng Yew

pp. 31 - 48   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijer.2025.1320.2

Publish Date: June 30, 2025  |   Single/Total View: 0/0   |   Single/Total Download: 0/0


Abstract

This study highlights the critical role of pedagogical leadership among mathematics teacher leaders in Bahrain, emphasizing the impact of both formal and informal leadership roles. The findings indicate that while both types of leaders demonstrate high levels of pedagogical leadership, there are significant differences in their awareness of leadership practices. This suggests a need for targeted strategies to enhance leadership capabilities across different roles. Utilizing partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS4 software, the study provides robust insights into these dynamics. Key insights include the importance of fostering a collaborative environment through peer review systems and regular team meetings, promoting proactive problem-solving, and encouraging engagement in task accomplishment. Schools should support innovation and autonomy by providing resources and time for experimentation with new teaching methods and technologies. Additionally, addressing the limitations of self-evaluation scales is crucial for accurate assessment of leadership capabilities. Overall, the study advocates for a holistic approach to leadership development, recognizing the unique needs of both formal and informal leaders to enhance educational practices and outcomes.

Keywords: Teacher leadership, Pedagogical leadership, Formal teacher leader, Informal teacher leader, PLS-SEM Analysis


How to Cite this Article?

APA 7th edition
Alawadhi, A., Zulnaidi, H., & Yew, T.M. (2025). Differentiating Pedagogical Leadership Practices Among Formal and Informal Mathematics Teacher Leaders in Bahrain: A PLS-SEM Study. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 16(2), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijer.2025.1320.2

Harvard
Alawadhi, A., Zulnaidi, H. and Yew, T. (2025). Differentiating Pedagogical Leadership Practices Among Formal and Informal Mathematics Teacher Leaders in Bahrain: A PLS-SEM Study. International Journal of Educational Researchers, 16(2), pp. 31-48.

Chicago 16th edition
Alawadhi, Abdulqader, Hutkemri Zulnaidi and Tee Meng Yew (2025). "Differentiating Pedagogical Leadership Practices Among Formal and Informal Mathematics Teacher Leaders in Bahrain: A PLS-SEM Study". International Journal of Educational Researchers 16 (2):31-48. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijer.2025.1320.2

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