This study was reasoned to find out the Pre-Service of English teachers’ perception towards the position of culture in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia. The subject of this study was 100 students of English Education Study Program of State Islamic University Raden Fatah Palembang that were chosen randomly. This study employed the adapted Questionnaire from Al-Tamimi and Shuib (2009) which developed by Mahboudi and Javdani (2012) to obtain the data. The results data were presented in the form of percentages and inferences. It revealed from this study that the Pre-Service of English teacher in Indonesia realized the important position of culture in ELT in Indonesia. Lastly, this research was concluded with some important points and also the significant recommendation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the opinions of prospective teachers enrolled at the Department of English Language Teaching (ELT) concerning the implementation process and the outcomes of Community Service Practices (CSP) course. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in different phases of this descriptive study. To collect data, researchers made use of a questionnaire and interview questions. As for data analysis, the data obtained from the quantitative part of the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For the qualitative part of the research, content analysis was applied to analyze the views of prospective teachers about the ways of increasing the efficiency of CSP course in ELT. The results revealed that most of the prospective teachers performed the projects within the scope of CSP by experiencing/doing themselves. They believe that volunteering is essential; however, they faced some problems while carrying out the projects. They emphasized that this course would provide them the opportunity to apply the experiences they obtained in their future English teaching profession. Moreover, they also pointed out the CSP course drove them to be more sensitive to social problems. Bearing these findings in mind, some implications were drawn at the end of the study about the ways of increasing the efficiency of the CSP course. A final suggestion was that the faculty administration should support the works of the prospective teachers, solve the problems they faced, and meet their needs.

 One of the key challenge of securing broadcast statement is source authentication, that is enabling receivers of broadcast facts to validate that the received data actually originates from the claimed source and was not modified on the way. This problem becomes more complex in real time communication where other receivers of the data are not trusted and where lost packets are not retransmitted.This application is mainly developed for assuring authenticity of multimedia data. It is implemented in java using java media arrangement to send audio video information over real time transport protocol. Message authentication code (MAC), which is a symmetric cryptographic primitive, is used for providing authentication. Delayed key disclosure technique is used to overcome the drawback of MAC. Elements of one-way hash chains are used as keys in order to implement the above technique. This is a capable protocol with low communication transparency, tolerates packet loss and it is primarily based on loose time harmonization between the sender and the receivers.

The study examined how faithfully senior high school teachers implemented selected senior high school subject curricula. Cross sectional survey design was used in the study.  Using the level of use dimension of the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM), 111 senior high school teachers were randomly selected from the pool of accounting, business management, economics, geography and social studies teachers in the Central Region. Questionnaires were administered to the respondents and retrieved within 3 weeks. Data generated were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Results showed that senior high school teachers teaching accounting, business management, economics, geography and social studies in the Region failed to use the official curriculum in teaching. Accordingly, it is recommended that Ghana Education Service should politically engage teachers to willfully accept and use the curriculum instead of strengthening instructional supervision to ensure that teachers implement the official curriculum.

The study assess the psychosocial difficulties students with disabilities faces in selected Elementary Schools of South Western Ethiopia emanating from home and environment that might have long lasting effect in life time. Qualitative study was undertaken to get information from students with disabilities, their respective teachers and family/caregivers employing purposive and availability sampling techniques. Interview, focus group discussion and observation were tools of data collection from respondents. Accordingly, the result of this study shows that students with disabilities face a number of psychosocial problems which are different from home to home depending on the family backgrounds, educational and economic statuses of the caregivers. It was revealed that emotional instability, discrimination, segregation, self blaming, hiding attempts, depressions of different levels, bad feeling from home, suicidal attempts and parental rejections are the prominent ones raised by respondents. Conclusions drawn revealed that both the caregivers and the students with disabilities face different levels of psychological and social problems from home, neighboring community and the larger societal settings due to cultural, religious and belief related impacts. Hence, training of family, teachers and students with disabilities were recommended as to minimize the psychosocial difficulties and attitudinal changes towards disability

The year 1888, in which German Emperor Wilhelm II took power, caused big changes for the Ottoman Empire. Because Wilhelm II orientated to the East front for expanding the lands and beeing world power by excepting the usual Bismarck politic. To reach the goals, he approached peacefully to Ottoman lands, which he saw as ‘short cut’. He visited the Otooman territory three times in 1889, 1898 and 1917. None of the visit of Kaiser Wilhelm was the same. In each visit he had a different experiences and left different nice memories behind. Especially during the second visit, he advanced his relationship with Sultan Abdülhamid. During the visit there have been many exchanges of gifts beetween two emperors. This courtesy went on many times. German Emperor was so pleased after the second visit, that he constructed a fountain to Ottoman lands as a present. This construction known as German Fountain, stands for the memory of this visit, also as a symbol of the close relationship between the two empires. At the same time with this fountain, that is the Emperor Wilhelm’s selfdesign, the sample of German culture in Ottoman lands is exhibited.